The INS, CP, and PG had abnormal distribution and then underwent logarithmic transformation before calculation. test were at a low level in Group A. An insulin release test was done after intensive insulin therapy. Results showed that the peaks of insulin and C Felbamate peptide appeared at 0.5C1 h after glucose administration in Group A, which was earlier than that before therapy, but the maximal levels were no more than 2 times those of baseline levels. In Group B, the peaks appeared at 2 h, and the maximal levels were about 10 times those of baseline levels. Conclusions Poor islet function, incomplete recovery of islet function after intensive insulin therapy, and a short honeymoon period are characteristics of type 1 diabetes. Detection of diabetes-related antibodies is not reliable. Keywords: diabetic ketosis, typing, islet function, honeymoon period Background The age of patients with type 2 diabetes has a decreasing tendency owing to changes in life style. Recently, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing rapidly in China. In adults Felbamate over age 20 years, the incidence of diabetes is 9.7%, but it is 15.5% in pre-diabetes [1]. Differentiation between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is most important in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. The type of diabetes is closely related to the selection of therapeutic regimen. According to different etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms, it seems easy to differentiate the 2 2 types of diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines patients with type 1 diabetes as those who have an immunologic disorder, such as GAD-Ab positive. Regardless of islet beta cell function and insulin-dependence, ADA also defines ketosis-prone diabetes patients without immunologic evidence as a subset of type 1 diabetes called idiopathic type 1 or type 1B diabetes [2]. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a Felbamate form of autoimmune diabetes that resembles T1DM, but the manifestations of LADA are different from those of type 1 diabetes. LADA shows a later onset and slower progression towards insulin dependence [3]. It appears that age is no longer as important as before in the diagnosis of diabetes. In China, detection of diabetes antibodies has limitations in the sensitivity and accuracy, which makes physicians confused. The positive rate of GAD-Ab and/or IA-2A is only 44.5% in clinical definitive diagnosed type 1 diabetes [4], while it is 13.5% in clinic preliminary diagnosed type 2 diabetes [5]. Clinically, patients with acute onset diabetes and tendency to ketosis usually present with distinct long-term prognosis. The treatment of diabetes in some of them is insulin-independent, but most of them do not require insulin after short-term insulin therapy. The biochemical parameters and islet function in these patients are similar to those in type 2 diabetes patients. Thus, some experts do not agree with the idiopathic type 1 definition; thus, this classification has not been widely accepted [6,7]. Some American experts have divided ketosis-prone diabetes patients into 4 subtypes by islet beta-cell function (preserved/absent) and immunologic index (islet auto-antibiosis: positive/negative). They defined the islet beta cell function as preserved if the fasting serum C-peptide level was 1 ng/ml or the maximum glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide level was Felbamate 1.5 ng/ml, or absent if the fasting serum C-peptide level was 1 ng/ml or the maximum glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide level was 1.5 ng/ml, believing that this classification have more clinical value for evaluating prognosis [6]. Therefore, it is difficult in clinical practice to differentiate patients Felbamate with newly diagnosed diabetes and ketosis to determine the long-term therapeutic regimen. In the present study, subjects with acute diabetes onset and ketosis were followed for 36 months and insulin-dependence status was determined at the end of follow-up. Then, the diagnosis and type of diabetes, as well as the islet function, were GNG7 retrospectively evaluated, aiming to finding effective indicators for differentiation of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intensive insulin therapy on islet function in.